Dessein de Sauvages de Plusieurs Nations Alexandre de Batz, 1685-1737 Peabody
Museum, Harvard University (PM 41-72-10/2)
Africans, slave and free, were known to join the Indians, notably the
Natchez, after 1729's massacre of the French, and Choctaw and Chickasaw.
Slave Voyages to French Louisiana Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database.
www.slavevoyages.org (accessed September 1, 2012).
To recreate this
table, use "Configure columns" and then sort by "Year arrived with slaves."
Le Port de La Rochelle N. Ozanne del., Y le Gouaz Sculpt. De Veaux Edit. Col.
Two or more French ships sailed from the port of La Rochelle, in western
France on the Atlantic during the French Colonial period in Louisiana
(1718-1763). They landed in Senegal at Isle Gorée at the mouth of the
Senegal River, Isle St. Louis or at Judah (Ouidah, Whydah) to purchase
captifs, often Wolofs (Jolofs, Diaulaufs) and Bambara from their Mandingo
captors. Ships would then sail to Isle Dauphine at the foot of Mobile
Bay, Nouveau Biloxi on the Mississppi Sound or La Balise near the foot
of the Mississippi River where the captifs disembarked. Some were used
at the brickworks at La Balise, as carpenters, to load and unload ships,
to row pirogues and boats, even as sailors. Others were brought to New
Orleans to the Plantation of the Company of the Indies on the West Bank
of the Mississippi as agricultural workers for rice, indigo, tobacco,
sugar and much later cotton.
Pointe Coupée, Lousiana, 1732
Map by Le Sieur d'Anville showing how both engagés (indentures)
and settlers from France and captifs from Africa arrived at the Poste
de la Pointe Coupée or False River. In a copy made by Glenn C. Morgan,
the cartographer lists the arrival of settlers and engagés for the Sainte-Reyne
Concession.
On November 9, 1720 the Loire (ship) arrived at Ship Island (Isle Aux
Vaisseaux) with workers for the Sainte-Reyne Concession. Most were from
Hainault. By 1729 Hainault colonists De Cuir, Legros, Bonnett, Hainaud,
Alard, Haussy, Pailliar, Anotiaú, Daublin, Bienvenu and De Coux were living
along the banks of the Mississippi river at Pointe Coupée They along with
other French settlers, formed the nucleus of the early settlement and
Christian community there. They were soon joined by others, including
the Hainault families of Calais, Delatte, Demaret, Guichard and Pourciau.
Code Noir 1727 Le Code noir, ou Edit... servant de règlement
pour le gouvernement et l'administration de la justice, police, discipline et le commerce des
esclaves nègres dans la province et colonie de la Loüisianne.... Bibliothèque
Nationale de France.
The Code Noir de 1724, developed specifically for la Louisiane differed
from the Code Noir of 1685 promulgated for the people of Saint Domingue,
Martinique, Guadeloupe and other slave holding French Colonies, primarily
in the Caribbean.
XVIII. Voulons que les Officiers de notre Conseil Superieur de la
Loüisiane, envoyent leurs avis sur la quantité de vivres & la
qualité de l'habillement qu'il convient que les Maitres fournissent
à leurs Esclaves; lesquels vivres doivent leur etre fournis
par chacune semaine, & l'habillement par chacune année,
pour y etre statué pour Nous: & cependent permettons ausdits
Officiérs, de regler par provision lesdits vivres & ledit habillement;
dessendons aux Maîtres desdits Esclaves, de donner aucune
forte d'eau de vie pour tenir lieu de ladite subsistence &
habillement.
XIX. Leur dessendons pareillement de se décharger de la nourriture
& subsistence de leurs Esclaves, en leur permettant de travailler
certain jour de la semaine pour leur compte particulier.
XX. Les Esclaves qui ne feront point nourris, vêtus & entretenus
par leurs Maîtres, pourront en donner avis au Procureur general
du dit Conseil, ou aux Officiers des Justices inferieures, &
mettre leurs memoires entre leurs mains; sur lesquels, & même
d'office si les avis leur viennent d'ailleurs, les Maîtres seront
poursuivis à la Requeste du dit Procureur general & sans frais,
ce que Nous voulons ester observé pour les crimes & les
traitements barbares & inhumaines des Maitres envers
leurs Esclaves.
Ile St. Louis near the mouth of the Senegal River, 1814 "Vue de l'île St.
Louis du Sénégal prise de côte de la mer." René Claude Geoffroy
de Villeneuve, Illustrations de L'Afrique ou histoire, moeurs, usages et coutumes des Africains.
Nepveu. Paris, 1814. Bibliothèque Nationale de France (ark:/12148/cb38495427c)
The city of Saint-Louis, also called Ndar in Wolof, is a regional capital in
present-day Senegal. The French arrived in 1673 and named it after
King Louis XIV. It was the capital of the French colony from 1673 until
1902. Between 1719 and 1743 ships from Brittany and from Bordeaux sailed
to Saint-Louis to embark for Louisiana with captifs. The old quarter
looks very much like New Orleans' French Quarter.
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